Bolman and Deal

• Structural
  goals
  specialized roles
  formal relationships
  division of labor
  rules, policies, procedures, and hierarchies
  Problems arise when structure does not fit situation
• Human Resources
  extended family
  feelings, prejudices, skills, and limitations
  tailor org to people
• Political
  arenas
  contests
  jungles
  interests compete for limited resources
  conflict is rampant
  bargaining, negotiation, coercion, and compromise
  Problems arise when power is concentrated in wrong place
  or when so broadly dispersed nothing gets done.
• Symbolic
  cultural and social anthropology
  tribes, theater, or carnivals
  cultures on rituals, ceremonies, stories, heroes, myths
  org is actors
• Integrating the Four Frames
  Multiframe thinking requires movement beyond narrow mechanical thinking.